Looking at the connection between proline transport and macular health

Dr David Sauer, University of Oxford - £25,000

Proline is an amino acid that plays a vital role in maintaining the health of the macula. It is one of the key nutrients supplied to photoreceptor cells by the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), helping them function and survive. This project investigated how proline is transported within the macula, and how disruptions to this process may contribute to macular diseases such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and Macular Telangiectasia type 2 (MacTel2).

What is the problem?

Efficient transport of proline within the retina relies on a specialised transporter protein known as SIT-1. Mutations in the gene leads to lack of proline movement, reducing the supply of nutrients to photoreceptors.

When this process is disrupted, photoreceptor cells in the macula are more vulnerable to macular damage, and the development of conditions such as AMD and MacTel2. Improving or correcting SIT-1 transporter function could potentially improve nutrient flow and help maintain vision.

What did the project achieve?

The research team had already carried out extensive studies of the SIT-1 transporter, including how small molecules bind to it. This project built on that work by examining how proline transport and metabolism could be optimised to better support macular health.

Using a combination of radioactivity and mass spectrometry-based techniques, the team tracked SIT-1 activity. This led to the identification of several biosensors that can be used to evaluate transporter activity more effectively, providing valuable tools for future research.

What next?

This project produced important preliminary data to support further investigation into small molecules involved in SIT-1 biochemical pathways. Additional funding has now been secured to take this work forward.

The long-term aim is to translate these findings into new treatments for people affected by macular disease, helping to preserve vision and improve quality of life.